Becoming
open to the Self
Part II
The Natural Mind
The natural mind is called
by many names, including among others, the unconditioned mind,
original-mind,
presence and selflessness. It is, in my view, the unconditioned
awareness that you were born
into when you entered this world. It is always present but most of us
have "lost" it.
How
could you lose your natural mind? The process begins to unfold very
early. There are three aspects to the process. The first might be
called primary programs
(unconditioned) that are biological in nature. These programs send
signals into conscious awareness that we react to. Hunger is one
example. When you become aware of a hunger signal, you engage in
activity directed at responding to the signal. You engage in activity
that results in you consuming food and the program rewards your
activity by eliciting satisfaction. Secondary programs(conditioned) are built upon primary programs through choices made
and repeated. At the earliest stages one has little choice except to
reject or accept what is offered by a caretaker. Later, one begins to
have a wider range of choices and some independence from caretakers'
choices on your behalf is achieved. Through choices and repetition of
those choices new programs are established.
Once
a program is established it becomes automatic. Given a choice of
foods, you don't have to consciously think about the choices and,
even if you do, the probability favors you making a selection that
has a repeated history under similar conditions and in similar
circumstances. Your automatic program
(AP) makes the decision for you and when an impulse to act on the
decision enters your conscious awareness
(CA), you mentally say to yourself something like, "I think I'll
have candied yams. They are really tasty." This is a conscious
rationale for an unconscious decision made by an AP. When given
choices that you have no history with, such as in an ethnic
restaurant whose menu is outside your range of experience, you may be
conflicted without your "inner guidance" and will have to
actually apply conscious decision making to the choices by seeking
more information about the items on the menu or, failing availability
of sufficient information, resort to a random selection.
Even
in such a situation, your APs may come into play as you gain
information and an AP partially matches up with a menu item because
of some commonality in an ingredient or ingredients with established
choices. An AP may make a decision based on additional information
and send a choice (as an impulse) into CA and you mentally say to
yourself, "Oh yeah, that dish has lamb in it and I like lamb so
I'll go with it." Lacking ingredient similarity, an AP may act
on similarity in aroma or appearance. An adult with a lot established
programs may seldom fall back on a purely random choice.
In
addition to secondary programs there are tertiary programs.Tertiary programs are programs established through directed
learning experiences. These may
be informal, such as
being taught a language or languages in the home, our family doesn't
eat pork, Americans support their country, men are leaders and women
must pay attention to their appearance. Other informal learning
experiences may have social influences that are outside the family
such as a peer group, community organizations and the media. You may
acquire APs related to such things as music preferences, clothing
preferences, religious beliefs, sexual attitudes, political ideals,
occupational preferences and prejudices. Other directed learning
experiences may be more formal like those found in educational programs to teach subjects like
reading, writing, mathematics, history and physics.
[Note:If you would like a demonstration of the reality of these APs, click
here "Implicit
Attitude" (or paste: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/
in your browser) and take some of the tests, especially those on
social attitudes, and compare what you believe about the topics with
what the tests reveals.]
Many
APs will be functional, efficient and of benefit. Other APs may not
be of any particular benefit currently but do no harm. Some, however,
may be or may become highly dysfunctional and create a constant
source of problems, the origins of which are difficult to identify.
One simple example might be a woman who repeatedly makes poor choices
in men because of dysfunctional APs that influence what she finds
appealing in a man or, conversely, a man who finds problematic women
appealing because of dysfunctional APs.
As
you develop and acquire more and more APs, you begin to engage in a
lot of thoughts, feelings and actions that enter awareness from
outside CA. Conscious awareness creates explanations to explain the
occurrence of these thoughts, feelings and actions. Over time the
explanations are woven into narratives that explain who we are and
why we think, feel and act in certain ways. This becomes an evolving
self-description or what can be called a fictive-self. The
fictive-self usually has several narrative variations, which draw on
existing APs and new APs that may develop out of circumstances
peculiar to a particular variation. There is usually a variation for
each of the long-term roles that we acquire in the course of our
lives, such as student, spouse, parent, employee, partner, friend and
so on. Some of these variations may be more functional than others
and especially dysfunctional when they are contradictory and in
conflict.
Another
important process in the creation and maintenance of our fictive-self
is memory and imagination. When our awareness is not externally
focused on some attention-requiring task like composing this essay,
it goes into narration mode(a.k.a. default mode network to be discussed later). Memories
associated with our narrative arise in CA. We ruminate on past
accomplishments, pleasures, failures or misfortunes as a way of
illustrating and reinforcing our story. If a memory doesn't fit our
story well, we will modify and tweak the memory to bring it into
better alignment with our story. We also project these memories
through imagination into hypothetical future scenarios, which is
different from drawing on past experience in considering how we can
accomplish a specific goal. The latter type of thinking is called
planning and is not just rumination. Narration strengthens our story
and our identification with it.
We
become strongly identified with the fictive-self we weave. It becomes
us and we go through our lives thinking that we are the story that we
have created to explain the APs operating outside of CA that direct
our thoughts, feelings and actions. The more strongly we are
identified with our fictive-self, the less aware we are of our
original self and the less self-agency we exercise. In short, we have
lost our natural mind and, in the process, the ability to see the
world as it is rather than as it appears through the explanatory
filters we have created to explain the effects of our APs. Literally,
I AM my story and my story is ME, but a story is just that -- a
story. Some people arrive at such an understanding spontaneously.
This
epiphany about the fictive-self tends to be powerful, transformative
and is often viewed as a spiritual event. The moon astronaut Edgar
Mitchel described such events as noetic events. Because of a noetic event he experienced on a return trip
from the moon, Edgar Mitchel created an organization to study such
events. This organization is called The
Institute for Noetic Science (click on the name or go to:
http://noetic.org/).
Personally,
I had such a noetic event when I was seventeen years of age that
revealed to me that my concept of self was simply a matrix of beliefs
in which I had invested my identity. This was a transformative
experience for me, but one that took years to manifest its effects
and be fully understood. A decade later, I had a second noetic event
in which I realized that, not only do we have a personal matrix of
beliefs that we identify with, but there is a larger more universal
matrix in which our personal matrix is embedded and entangled. If
you're interested in these two noetic events in my life, they are
covered in “A Personal Odyssey” (see Appendix 4).
Stories
can be changed. The techniques discussed in Part I include methods
for working on your APs and the story you have spun about them.
Self-agency is the tool that needs to be developed, if you want to
improve your story and change the way you relate to the world. Just
knowing that your life is articulated by a story and making that
story more functional can make significant improvements in your life.
However,
recognizing that you are identified with a story and improving that
story will not alone restore your natural mind. Restoring the natural
mind requires that you stop identifying with the story that you've
woven around your APs and relax back into the pure awareness of
being. Being present with the natural mind will provide a fresh
perspective on everything and you can respond to situations as if
they were unique happenings, not instances of AP-driven events that
make up part of the story that is your fictive-self. Being in the
natural mind will let life flow through you unimpeded by efforts to
control and direct it to make it conform to your story.
Ending
identification with your I, fictive-self, ego, personality or
whatever term you want to use for the construct is not generally
something that people find easy to do even though the idea may appeal
to them. There are many approaches to ending identification with the
story and most of them involve extended programs of meditation.
Meditation will give you greater access to material that has largely
been outside of conscious awareness for most of your life. Coming to
know and understand your APs will lead you to an intuitive
understanding of the fictive nature of your ego or self. It is this
direct understanding that begins to free you from identification with
your story. It is this state, of being free of your fictive-self,
that was referred to earlier in Pathway One as Step Three in
meditation. Of course, the natural mind goes beyond a meditation
practice and carries across into your normal daily activities.
Many spiritual
teachings speak of losing the self or getting rid of the ego or
living totally in the present moment. All of these notions should be
considered as metaphorical ways of saying that you should stop
identifying with your story. This also means you stop rehearsing,
reinforcing and elaborating your story or in other words living in
your mind. You can't get rid of your fictive-self because it serves
useful purposes. But your phone, computer or car serve useful
purposes and mentally healthy people don't invest their identify in
them. These and many other useful things in your life are just tools.
Likewise, once you stop identifying with your story, your
fictive-self simply becomes a cognitive tool that is used as needed
and then put aside until needed again.
To illustrate
what this might feel like, consider the following scenario. You were
selected ten years ago by your employer to go overseas to work in a
subsidiary. Let's say that you went to Germany, if you're a German
pick another country. You lived in Germany for ten years and became
fluent in the language and came to understand the culture. Call this
your German identity. At the end of ten years, you return home to
work in the corporate headquarters.
You now operate
in a way consistent with your native culture and speak your native
language. One evening you are having dinner in a restaurant and
overhear some German tourists having difficulty with the menu and
with communicating their orders to the waiter. You get up go over to
their table and in German ask them if you might be of assistance.
They readily accept and you help them negotiate the items on the menu
and place their orders for them with the waiter. The Germans invite
you to join them and you do so and put your German identity to work
during the dinner. When this dinner is finished and you leave the
restaurant, the German identity is no longer needed and it is put to
"bed" so to speak.
Think of your
fictive-self as similar to this hypothetical German identity. When
you can put it to "bed" and wake it up when circumstances
require it, you will bring to an end most if not all of the
narration that has previously had a near continuous run in the
theater of your mind. You can now live your life largely in the
present moment, which is all that really exists. You will have a much
fresher and unencumbered view of events and can respond to them on
their own terms rather than in terms of the character in a play of
your own authorship. Thus, you have recovered your natural mind.
Many spiritual
traditions see the recovery of the natural mind as the first step in
moving on to a full opening to Consciousness and identification with
what might be thought of as Source Consciousness. For example it
might have been the natural mind that Jesus was referring to in the
following:
"Verily
I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little
children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven."
A translation of
this into other terminology might read, "Frankly, unless you can
regain your natural mind, you will be unable to know Source
Consciousness." You can replace Source Consciousness with
whatever terminology works best for you. Examples might include
Christ Consciousness, Divine Consciousness, God, Unified Field of
Consciousness, the Absolute and so on.
Regaining the
natural mind is significant in itself. However, for those so
inclined, it can become a doorway. Passing through that doorway opens
possibilities for access to much broader and deeper aspects of
Consciousness.
Taken
The
above title, unlike the book by the same title, has nothing to do
with alien abductions. It is drawn from something one of my sons used
to say when very young. If asked why he did something he would often
reply, "It just took me." That observation seems apropos to
this section.
Based
on reading, listening to a number of people discuss their spiritual
transformations and my own noetic experiences, I reached the
following conclusions about spiritual awakening or Self-realization:
1. You can't develop it. There are no steps you can master one at
at time. It is not like working through a belt system in karate.
There is no black belt to be attained in the end by passing a series
of tests.
2.You can't learn it. The study of theology, philosophy or
spiritual teachings will not help. As one Self-realized being
remarked, "...many of you are too intelligent for your own good.
You have developed ways of interpreting the world that are highly
complex. And so in order to address you...I am called upon to help
you get past your education back to the simplicity of being, which is
that God is Love...."
3.You can't earn it. Being charitable and doing good works may
make you feel good and may be needed and appreciated by the
recipients, but such actions do not contribute to some "spiritual
score board."
Self-realization
is equally available to a serial killer and a pious nun. Going to
church and going to a casino are equally efficacious. In short, you
have no control over it. It is largely out of your hands. It just
takes you.
So,
how do you come to be taken? The simple answer is by Grace (see Definitions). However, there appear
to be three things that you can do that might serve as an
"invitation" to Supraliminal Consciousness (see Definitions),
Christ Consciousness, Source Consciousness; etc., to manifest. The
operative word here is "might." The first is meditation.
The specific practice is not important as long as it makes the fictive-self or ego
transparent. This simply means clearing the egoic veil so that there
is an opening making it easier for Supraliminal Consciousness to
shine through your mask. A transparent self is essentially the
natural
mind. Returning to this state of mind
has many benefits in and of itself. It is not, however, a condition
necessary for Grace. The second is self-inquiry. This is a
contemplative method that focuses on the question, "Who is aware of
being conscious?" Clearly, your story doesn't have awareness so if the
character in your story isn't aware who is? The third is by Transmission
(see Definitions).
Transmission is an invitation extended through a person in whom
Source Consciousness has manifested. Contact with the power of the
Supraliminal Consciousness emanating from such a person can create an
opening in those exposed, if they are receptive. The operative word
here is "can." None of these methods are necessary to
manifest Source Consciousness but the first two might be considered
personally beneficial things to do while waiting to be taken. In the
end, it is entirely dependent upon Grace. "All you can do is create a space for transformation to happen, for grace and love to enter.” Eckhart Tolle
Meditation
Of
the two practices mentioned, meditation and self-inquiry, meditation
is probably the most widely known. For our purposes let's focus on an
important purpose of meditation since basic instructions for
meditation were covered in Part I. An aphorism that arose during one
of my meditations seems like a good way to introduce the basic
purpose of meditation. The aphorism, Ego is the mask God wears
while pretending to be you. What
this aphorism suggests is that your ego or fictive-self is a mask
that hides the fact that your local consciousness is merely an aspect
of non-local Consciousness. Recall the idea of Supraliminal
Consciousness as the full “bandwidth” of Consciousness that
includes a constricted stream of consciousness that typically leaves
one unaware of the higher aspects of the full “bandwidth”
potentially available. What constricts Consciousness is the
conditioned mind that operates through APs and about which your story
is spun.
One purpose of
meditation is to relax one's psychological guard sufficiently that
you recognize workings of the self that usually reside outside of
conscious awareness and can therefore begin considering their
appropriateness. If memories arise with associated thoughts or
feelings that cause a contraction in you, that is, they cause some
type of negative emotional response, judgment or avoidance reaction,
it is likely that these memories are related to negative APs and are
embedded in your story. This content needs to be examined and if
appropriate cleared or neutralized. This processing doesn't
necessarily have to be done through meditation as was discussed
earlier. Another non-meditative approach for dealing with negative
APs is described below.
Michael
Singer in his book, The
Surrender Experiment, relates how he began a practice of observing his reaction to choices
that arose in his life and if he felt a contraction about or
resistance to one of the choices open to him; i.e., an urge to reject
a choice, he simply said "yes" to that choice. It is
important to recognize that the critical component here is being
self-aware and recognizing when one has no sound basis for rejecting
a choice that is eliciting a negative feeling. This is a pretty good
indicator that an AP is involved. This wouldn't be applicable, for
example, to a situation where you got two bids on a job and one was
significantly more costly than the other. It would be reasonable in
such a case to reject the more costly proposal, given all other
factors being equal. Thus, Singer's practice would not dictate saying
"yes" to the less attractive bid simply because you want to
reject it. That decision to reject is based on objective factors, not
subjective factors. The results from this practice for Singer were
truly amazing.
The
second purpose of meditation is to quiet the incessant chatter of the
mind so that it becomes easier to recognize that one is essentially
the awareness that observes what is taking place within consciousness
and not the body/mind, which is a mechanism making physical
experiences available to consciousness. Further, awareness is not the
explanation or story that one spins to explain these experiences.
Teachers that provide practices that facilitate this purpose are
Leonard Jacobson, Richard Moss and Rupert Spira, among others.
Jacobson puts his emphasis on being present in the moment, which
means being fully absorbed in awareness of what is present rather
than "lost in the mind," as he often puts it. Richard Moss
teaches a process of monitoring where attention is focused, which he
says can be in the past, in the future, in one's story, in stories
about others (not limited to people) or in the present moment. He
suggests that anytime you find your attention focused in one of the
first four locations (or some combination of them), you simply shift
your attention and focus to the present. Spira teaches that true
meditation is a state in which attention is fully relaxed. He teaches
that when you learn to fully relax attention, you have no where to go
except into the source of attention, which is simple awareness of
presence. All three teachers have a similar goal for their teaching
but employ somewhat different approaches to the goal.
There
have been several findings in brain research that I think have some
bearing on meditation. Brain
imaging studies have recently identified a network of brain areas and
their associated functions that have been named the default
mode network.This network has been labeled default because it seems to be
responsible for most brain activity taking place when one's attention
is not specifically engaged. It would appear that focused attention
draws largely upon other brain areas and those areas represent a
separate network, which to my knowledge has not been labeled. For
simplicity's sake let's hereafter just refer to the "default
mode network as the Relaxed Attention Network (RAN) and the other
state as the Focused Attention Network (FAN). These networks are
illustrated in the figure below.


Two
views of the brain with the RAN in blue and the FAN in orange and
yellow.
We
are all familiar with the notion of left brain and right brain
functions, but apparently there is another "divide" along
the lines of a brain using focused attention and a brain whose
attention processes are relaxed. As with the left and right brain
concept, the RAN and FAN brain states do not necessarily mean
exclusive functions for each network but rather primary functions.
The FAN is frequently directed externally but can also be directed
internally at specific cognitive tasks or physical states. The FAN
appears to be more analytic and rational, while the RAN seems to be
more metaphorical and imaginative.
The FAN appears to engage
those areas of the brain that govern executive functions such as
active attention, decision making, problem solving and planning. It
accesses and uses knowledge and skills that an individual has
acquired for engaging tasks of various sorts. It also exercises
control over motor functions needed to engage in voluntary actions
like drawing or surgery. If you're trying to cognitively inventory
the things that you will need to take with you on a trip, to relax a
tight muscle in your neck, learn how to solve quadratic equations or
teach a child to read, the FAN is engaged. However, when activities
requiring focused attention come to an end, RAN is automatically your
default state. Clearly, if you're doing nothing but sitting staring
out a window, the RAN will engage. However, when you're engaged in
routine activities that don't require focused attention such as
running on a treadmill or driving down a stretch of road with little
or no traffic, you usually will default to RAN. Even when focused
attention may be needed, boredom can result in inattention and
defaulting to RAN.
When RAN is engaged what
you get appears similar to free association or random presentation.
In this state, thoughts, memories, images and feelings stream into
awareness often with little or no apparent structure. As long as
these stimuli stream, you remain in RAN. However, if you focus on one
or more of these stimuli and begin to engage with it, FAN comes back
into operation. Thus, FAN can be focused on either an external or an
internal task. To illustrate the process of going from RAN to an
internal version of FAN, think of standing in front of a conveyor
belt and watching suitcases streaming by. This is analogous to RAN
generated thoughts and images streaming through awareness. If you
grab one of these suitcases off of the conveyor belt and begin
unpacking it, this is analogous to focusing on one thought or image
and following a chain of associations elicited by your attention to
it. You are now back in FAN focused on an internal task. This,
however, is usually a less engaged level of FAN than the level, for
example, required for solving quadratic equations or teaching someone
to read. This suggests that there are degrees of FAN and RAN, meaning
that they are not "digital" states that are either on or
off.
My introspective
observation is that RAN is largely responsible for the creation of a
fictive-self, self-narrative or ego and especially for
maintaining and reinforcing it (see Research Update in Appendix 6).
One way of thinking about the ego is as a psychological construct
that functions as the subject or "doer" assigned
responsibility for our activities. This fictive-self begins forming
early in the developmental period and generally becomes stronger as a
child ages into an adult. It seems to me, again from introspective
observation, that most of the activity generated by RAN is to bring
into awareness thoughts, images and memories associated with our
experiences. These become the "bricks" from which we build,
repair and reinforce our fictive-self or ego.
Initially, the mind begins
a process of organizing this information into some sort of kernel
story that is rooted in and identified with the body and the
development of the notion of boundaries. This becomes the core
construct around which our fictive-self or personal narrative
evolves. An important function of the fictive-self or ego is
providing a sense of coherence and continuity to our life experience.
It becomes the basis for the meaning we assign to our lives. As our
narrative becomes fairly well established more and more of what
arises from the RAN are thoughts, ideas, images, attitudes, opinions
and judgments (among others inputs) that reinforce our fictive-self
and ensure our identification with the narrative.
The fictive-self can be
recognized through the stream of "self-talk" that dominates
awareness when the FAN is engaged with content RAN has generated.
Much of this "self-talk" and can be recognized as rehearsal
of one's personal narrative. We become the fiction we have created to
explain our self to our self. We are like a hamster trapped in an
exercise wheel -- always running but never getting anywhere. If you
want to escape, you must first become aware of the structure of your
personal narrative by examining the themes in your self-talk and what
they imply about the beliefs, opinions and attitudes largely
operating beneath your awareness and directing you like a puppet
master. Gaining control of the strings linking you to your puppet
master is the most essential step required for freedom.
I would suggest that very
young children, before the core construct for the fictive-self is
established, are not individuated. Therefore, their consciousness is
more likely to be resonate with what some describe as Source
Consciousness. It is perhaps worth repeating a comment made earlier
concerning what Jesus may have had in mind when he said, “Verily
I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little
children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.”Or, as I discussed earlier, regain your "natural mind." In
other words, you cannot access Source Consciousness or the Absolute
("kingdom of heaven") unless you can first learn to stand
aside from the fictive-self ("be converted") and return to
a less individuated manifestation of consciousness ("become as
little children").
One thought that comes to
mind while thinking about RAN and meditation is that during
meditation two things are likely to happen. First, the FAN is
disengaged and, second, the RAN is engaged. These are operations that
most of us fall into with hardly a thought. However, the purpose of
meditation cannot be to simply engage the RAN, because if that were
true, then there would be no difference between meditation and
daydreaming. So, the question arises, what is the relationship
between the RAN and meditation?
Many meditation teachers
initially advocate the practice of mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness meditation (narrowly defined) is usually
described as concentrating on a specific focus such as a rhythmic
function like the breath, an auditory stimulus or a visual stimulus.
The nature of the auditory or visual stimulus suggested will vary
depending upon the tradition from which the suggestion is coming, but
there is no evidence that I am aware of indicating any functional
difference between the effects of different stimuli from different
traditions. For example, if the focus is on a sound such as "Aum"
or "Amen," then during mindfulness meditation one simply
uses this
sound either vocalized or sub-vocalized as a focus, and whenever one
recognizes that the focus of attention has drifted, the instruction
is to simply mentally note the deviation and return to the focus.
It seems that the basic
process in this form of meditation is to learn to use a solitary
focus of attention that requires no thought, which engages FAN at a
low level. Keeping FAN engaged at a low level with such a stimulus
helps avoid becoming entangled in the activity of the RAN. Once this
condition is met, one can observe the products of RAN running in the
background, so to speak. It has been said that the function of the
mind is to generate thoughts, just as the function of the heart is to
pump blood. If that is so, it is the RAN that is largely responsible
for generating the thoughts, which are broadly defined to include
almost all mental activity.
What one must learn to
avoid is engaging FAN with any of the stimuli thrown up by RAN. Of
course, this will happen and happen regularly for beginners. The only
solution is to gently withdraw FAN from the RAN product it has
engaged and move it back to the meditative or simple observational
focus. As said earlier, the first step is to learn to recognize your
self as merely an observer.
In the process of learning
to hold FAN at "arms length" and simply observing the
products of RAN passing through awareness, one begins to get a good
sense of what sorts of stimuli are being generated by RAN.
Frequently, patterns will emerge among the stimuli passing through
awareness. This is how one begins to get a handle on the beliefs,
opinions, judgments, expectations and attitudes largely operating
beneath your awareness.
Many people may also have
emotional reactions to patterns of stimuli that relate to negative
events in their lives and may be initially overwhelmed by their
emotions. These events have probably made contributions of importance
to your personal narrative. They may also be the source especially of
beliefs, etc. that affect your functioning. Becoming aware of these
potent cognitive components "pulling your strings" is the
first step in gaining control of those strings and letting them fall
away. This is the second step in a meditation practice.
Most spiritual teachings
that point one toward Self-Realization consider being able to sustain full presence in the moment (the natural mind) to be a necessary condition.
Regaining the natural mind first requires controlling those puppet
strings directing your life from outside awareness. By presence what
is meant is that what you experience, whether events, thoughts,
feelings, sensations, objects or people, are simply that. You
register these stimuli in your awareness but your mind brings to them
no preconceived interpretation and makes no judgment arising from
such interpretations. This does not necessarily mean that you will
draw no conclusion about what you are aware of but that any such
conclusion will be untainted by the content of ego. You will discover
that in most instances no conclusions are necessary at all. What you
observe is simply what it is and requires nothing from you. This is
the third step in a meditation practice.
The transition to the
third step in one's meditation practice is not a sharp or clear
transition. However, at some point the process of noting the activity
generated by the RAN and recognizing and dealing with patterns
related to your beliefs, opinions, judgments, expectations and
attitudes begins to develop into an intuitive understanding of the
conditioned nature of that aspect of consciousness we call the self.
With this intuitive insight comes an opportunity to begin the process
of standing aside or dis-identifying with the fictive-self or ego
that is the illusion you refer to as "me."
"The
illusion of [the] "permanent" self dissolving as awareness
penetrates and knows the illusion. Moving deeper, beyond the small
self, beyond aversion and attachment, beyond ignorance."Barbara Brodsky and John Orr (meditation teachers, see Links page).
Meditation then becomes a
natural abiding in awareness of awareness. One's attention is both
relaxed and focused in the present moment. One does not dwell on the
imagined future or recollected past. One does not spin "ego
stories" about the self nor explanatory stories about others,
which can include institutions, organizations or people. One is able
to live in the natural mind. Knowing Source Consciousness or the
Absolute still depends upon grace, but one has done all that is
possible to make oneself vulnerable to it and ready to expand into it
should it occur.
There is one practice,
which I think of as contemplative meditation, that is worth
mentioning separately. This is the use, by one school of Zen
meditation, of what is known as a koan. A koan is a riddle that is
used as the focus of meditation. For example, the widely quoted koan,
"What is the sound of one hand clapping?" Zen is not the
only source of such riddles. Here are a couple from non-Zen sources,
"The only way out is in" and "There is only one mind"
(some other contemplative verses are in Appendix 7). It appears that
the purpose of a koan is to shut down the RAN by silencing its near
incessant chatter with an intellectual conundrum that has no rational
solution. This not only serves as a focus for FAN but exhausts FAN's
efforts to bring rational understanding to the conundrum. At the
point of exhaustion one might say rationality implodes, leaving what
Zen refers to as "no mind" or, according to the Hindu sage
Pantanjali, puts one beyond words and concepts. The American mystic
Franklin Merrill-Wolf describes this state as consciousness
without an object. More information on the
effects of meditation on advanced practitioners is in Appendix Two.
Keep
in mind that none of the above is necessary and sufficient for
Self-realization to take you. They can certainly help prepare you for
dealing with the event and advancing it should it occur but it has
taken many people who did nothing. In some cases, they rejected the
event because they found it confusing and frightening but not always.
If you take up meditation or other practices, take them up for the
self-insight and other benefits, such as improved health, they might
provide rather than as a path that leads to Self-realization. The end
goal is for your daily life to become your meditation.
Self-Inquiry
Self-inquiry is not
a meditation technique, at least not in the usual sense. The
requirement is that you monitor your thoughts all day, every day and
use the self-inquiry to put your focus of attention on simple
awareness whenever you find yourself getting caught up in ego
thoughts or stories. This technique can be combined with meditation
and may be helpful in getting the procedure established, but it is
not sufficient to do it for one or two short periods each day. In an
interview, Eckhart Tolle said if one had a choice between two
fifty-minute meditation sessions per day or 100 one-minute
meditations, he'd go with the 100 one-minute sessions hands down. He
did say both would be better. However, he didn't say what he meant by
a one-minute meditation. I think self-inquiry would make for a
fruitful one-minute meditation. If you want to progress then you have
to work at it all the time, not just in some isolated short-term
practice session.
Self-inquiry is
frequently associated with the teachings of the great Indian sage, of
the early twentieth century, Sri Ramana Maharshi. Below is an excerpt
from an interview with him by a student that addresses Self-inquiry.
Q:
Is there any use to reading books for those seeking
Self-realization?
A: All the texts say that in order to gain release, one
should render the mind quiescent; therefore, their conclusive
teaching is that the mind should be rendered quiescent. Once this
has been understood there is no need for endless reading. In order
to quieten the mind one has only to inquire within oneself what
one's Self is; how could this search be done in books?
Q1:
What is the path of inquiry for understanding the nature of the
mind?
A1: That which arises in thought as "I" is
the mind. By the inquiry, "Who am I?", the thought, "Who
am I?" will destroy other thoughts. [Other words may be used in
place of "Who," and some prefer "What."]
Q2:
How might one consistently hold on to the thought, "Who am I?"
A2: When other thoughts arise, one should not pursue
them but should inquire, "To whom do they arise?" As each
thought arises, one should inquire with diligence, "To whom has
this thought arisen?" The answer will be in the form of "To
me." To this, one should inquire, "Who am I?" The mind
will go back to its source. With regular repetition, the mind will
develop the skill of staying in its source.
Q3:
Are there no other means for making the mind quiescent?
A3: Other than inquiry, there are no adequate means.
Other techniques such as meditation on the breath can aid the mind
in being quiet but will not stop the mind.
Ramana Maharshi's
basic process for Self-inquiry is to question every thought that
arises that is extraneous to focused attention on a task. For
example, one would not question thoughts when one is engaged in
necessary tasks such as repairing a door or trying to puzzle out how
to improve the gas mileage in one's automobile. One would question
thoughts related to how one isn't appreciated for one's effort to
repair the door or thoughts about one's spouse's driving habits being
a major reason for poor gas mileage in the family car.
In
my view, the most critical information in the above exchange is in
A2. Primarily, what one is attempting to do is first stop identifying
with arising thoughts, which means recognizing that you are the
observer of these thoughts. You are not the thoughts. Secondarily,
the task is to slow and finally stop the arising of extraneous
thoughts. Recall the earlier discussion of a special brain network
called the default
mode network(relaxed attention network) that feeds a steady stream of memories,
images and thoughts to ego whenever it isn't actively engaged in the
external world. This stream of mental activity is what I mean by
extraneous thoughts.
What
Ramana means when he says not to pursue them is that one should not
focus on them and begin a process of association and elaboration of
the extraneous thoughts. Think of extraneous thoughts as being
analogous to compressed data files on a computer and pursuing one of
them as analogous to selecting and unzipping (unpacking) the
compressed file. Think of the compressed file as having a label that
says Chapter Seven and “unpacking” it to decompressing and
opening the file, then printing it out and reading all of its pages.
What I think Ramana means by "staying in the source" is
resting in pristine conscious awareness or what I earlier referred to
as the natural mind. Thus, the answer to the question "Who am
I?" is not the thought, not the emotion, not the sensation, not
the perception that stimulated the question but rather, "I am the Self
who observes these stimuli arising in awareness." By implication, I AM
CONSCIOUS AWARENESS.
Our true Self is
the connection within all of us to our individuated consciousness
that is an extension of Source Consciousness, from which all of
physical reality arises. The ego is said to be self-referential
because, while all operations flow from Source Consciousness, most of
us have no experience of Source Consciousness and so, when the
body/mind acts, the question arises as to the source of the action.
The fictive-self (ego) is created and maintained in part to answer
this question; i.e., I (ego) acted. Thus, a psychological construct
(ego, self) is mistaken for essential being or Self.
The three
contemporary teachers briefly discussed earlier, Leonard Jacobson,
Richard Moss and Rupert Spira are doing variations on Ramana's
approach in that all three emphasize a focus on awareness in the
present moment and working at establishing such awareness as an
ongoing process and not as an isolated practice such as a daily
meditation period. Spira has suggested that an alternative way to
approach Self-inquiry is to use the question, "Am I aware?"
instead of "Who am I?" He teaches that the only way to
answer that question is to go to the source of awareness (being aware
of awareness) as opposed to awareness of something. This happens
automatically when one seeks an answer to the question. The second
step once you're aware of awareness is to keep attention relaxed and not
focus attention on anything in particular within awareness. In short,
learn to simply be awareness, to be fully present, to be here now.
Jacobson teaches that one should monitor one's thoughts, and when one
finds oneself getting lost in the mind, become present with whatever
is before you in the moment. One technique that I employ to this end
is when extraneous thoughts arise into awareness, I say to myself "not
that -- this," which is shorthand for "not the thought that
has entered conscious awareness but what is literally present right
in front of me. Sometimes I'll also incorporate Spira's question, "Am
I aware?" as an aid to focus on being aware of awareness.There is an eclectic
program of meditation and self-inquiry in Appendix Eight.
Acting
in the World
In an essay I titled The Nature of Evil (see Appendix 9), it was posited that within relative
reality, which is subsumed by Absolute reality, there is a bipolar
conception of behavior that ranges from ignorant at one end to enlightened at the other end. Of course, as with any bipolar
construct, one might define a number of intermediate positions between
the anchor points at either end of the dimension. In the earlier
essay, ignorant behavior was defined as including what is generally
thought of as "evil" but went on to include many types of
behavior that probably would not generally be thought of as evil,
though they might still be considered wrong. The core defining
characteristic of ignorant behavior is perceiving everything external
to oneself (subject) as an "object" suitable to be used in
any way one sees fit to meet one's needs and especially wants
(egocentric). Wants in this case being something that one has no
objective need for but has acquired a desire to possess or consume in
some manner. Objects external to the self can be anything, including
material objects, social phenomena, plants, animals and
especially other people.
The core defining characteristic of enlightenment is Self-realization or recognition that one's consciousness is in
fact not an individual phenomenon but is a localized manifestation of Source Consciousness, which becomes more available
through enlightenment. Some subject/object functioning remains a
necessity even for a Self-realized person, due to the necessity of
operating in a relativistic context. However, egocentric wants will
no longer drive the motivational state of such persons, and thus they
will not view objects in the world to be simple means to an end.
Earlier, the natural
mind was described as a state of functioning that is virtually
ego-free but without full Self-realization, ego-free in the sense
that one identifies with conscious awareness rather than the
body/mind. Rupert Spira has said that this is a half-way point
between ignorance and Self-realization. The natural mind is also a
state relatively free from the conditioned or automatic programs that
usually govern much of one's emotional/behavioral functioning.
Methods for working on conditioned, automatic programs (APs) is the
topic of the earlier part of this book. These APs are acquired
largely through our socialization and come to be organized around and
understood through a narrative, which may consist of multiple but
related stories constructed from our experiences and our memories of
them. My term for this narrative is the fictive-self.Neutralizing many of our conditioned ways of interpreting the
physical and social environment facilitates becoming free of
ego-driven thinking, feeling and acting, i.e., deconstructing and
ending our identification with the fictive-self. Once operating from
the natural mind, one is available for (i.e., not resisting) a
transformation of consciousness through an opening to Source
Consciousness. This is not, however, something that one can "make"
happen but must allow to take one as discussed earlier.
As long as one lives
in the relative world, there will be choices arising out of the
dualistic underpinnings of relative reality. In a book by Jon Marc
Hammer, an interesting distinction was drawn. Hammer referred to the earth
and the world as being distinct. The former is Gaia-like, which according to
Wikipedia, refers to a hypothesis proposing that "...organisms
interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a
self-regulating, complex system that contributes to maintaining the
conditions for life on the planet." Hammer would go one step
further and say that this complex system is an organism and that all
components of it arise out of Consciousness and to varying degrees
possess consciousness. The world according to Hammer is a complex of
ideas, concepts, beliefs and expectations that govern a drama called
"human culture and civilization" performed on a stage
called earth. Hammer's drama recalls to mind some lines from a poem
titled Outlaw (see Appendix 5) that I wrote many years ago in an effort to capture
a truth revealed to me during a noetic event (see Definitions). Several lines from that poem:
And the man knew God
And
he was made free.
All
history and tradition
Culture
and words
Rescinded
-- Grace.
Freedom
from the past
And
from the future.
An
outlaw.
Eckhart
Tolle makes a similar distinction albeit on a smaller scale. He
speaks of one's life-situation versus one's life.Your life-situation is analogous to how you "stand" in
relation to the world.Your
life is related to your role as one of the biological organisms of
which the earth is partially comprised. The world and life-situations
are governed by the mind while the earth and life
are governed by natural processes.
Consider
the world to be a large web spun around the earth. The strands
comprising this web can, for example, be thought of, but not limited
to: political systems and ideologies, systems of law and concepts of
justice, economic and financial systems, occupations, art, music,
fashion, religions, philosophies, moral systems, science and
technology, social mores, educational systems, systems of kinship and
social classes based on maternity and paternity, “race”,
ethnicity, wealth, gender and various other characteristics. One's
life-situation results from the strands in the web of the
world one identifies with and uses to define oneself. Now, imagine
that all human life were eliminated from the earth. What would happen
to this web comprising the world that most of us think of as reality?It would vanish instantly, clearly showing that it was not real at all but simply a product of the mind. What would happen to the
earth and life? They would still be here and would continue on
following the natural processes that have always ordered them.
A person acting from a
conditioned mind is entangled in the world and cannot see beyond it.
When one is functioning from a conditioned mind or ego, choices are
ruled by APs, which are conditioned programs, many of which reflect
beliefs, opinions and expectations that we have adopted that are
related to the world. Such choices are often described as judgments
or prejudices. Someone who has regained their natural mind acts
through the application of naive thought and intuitive discernment. Thus, the
natural mind functions in the world through the development and
practice of naive thought and discernment. Discernment means seeing
the "unfiltered" nature of things or seeing through the
web. Thus, the natural mind must weave its way through the world
distinguishing between essential and superficial characteristics when
choices must be made.
Do understand that the web comprising the world is not
an illusion and has real consequences that one must take into
account. However, the natural mind helps give one a perspective on
the web that opens the possibility of navigating it without becoming
lost in it. The American mystic Franklin Merrill-Wolff spoke of what
he called the "high indifference," by which he seemed to be
referring to this ability to rise above the web and gain some
perspective on it. This does not mean one is indifferent to the real
needs of the living but only that one responds to them independent of
egoistic influences. While Merrill-Wolff recognized that it is
virtually impossible to completely disengage from the world, he
thought that one could function in the world without being of the world. The natural mind is grounded in life and being, not in the
world of the mind or as Leonard Jacobson often says, "...in the
world of time."
Some choices involve simple preferences. For example,
given a choice between several flavors of creamer for your coffee,
personal preferences are adequate for making a choice. However,
having found your way back to the natural mind, one no longer has
beliefs and opinions (prejudgments) to rely upon in making many
choices. One is left with naive thought and intuitive discernment as
the basis for making these choices. This means carefully considering
the worldly context for a choice and then determining an independent
course of action in the present circumstance that is best suited to
the true requirements of the situation.
Such choices seem to be close to what the Buddhists mean
by right action. There are no hard and fast rules for right
action. However, if one approaches decision points without being
entangled in and identified with the world, one will usually arrive
at the right action. This may simply flow from an unencumbered
understanding, or it may be informed by intuitive discernment about
what to do. If right action isn't apparent don't rush, allow the
situation to settle into the natural mind and wait for an insight
into right action. For those who have freed themselves from the
conditioned mind, right action arises from the heart.